《西班牙的土地》 The Spanish Earth (1937)

Credits
USA 1937 / 52’/ Black & White / sound / 35 mm
Dutch.: De Spaanse aarde;  Fr.: Terre d'Espagne
Direction and script: Joris Ivens; camera: John Fernhout (John Ferno); editing: Helen van Dongen; music: Marc Blitzstein, Virgil Thomson; commentary (texts and voice): Ernest Hemingway; production company: Contemporary Historians Inc.
Copyright: Marceline loridan-ivens / source material: Filmmuseum Amsterdam, preservation 1994 / Digital restoration 2008: European Foundation Joris Ivens, Nijmegen /
With permission  of: Marceline Loridan-Ivens, Paris
Copyright: Marceline loridan-ivens / cource material: Filmmuseum Amsterdam, preservation 1994 / Digital restoration 2008: European Foundation Joris Ivens, Nijmegen /
With permission of: Marceline Loridan-Ivens, Paris

电影基本信息：
美国，1937/52'/黑白/有声/35mm胶片
荷兰语片名：De Spaanse aarde；法语片名：Terre d'Espagne
导演，剧本：Joris Ivens
摄影：John Fernhout (John Ferno)
剪辑：Helen van Dongen
音乐：Marc Blitzstein, Virgil Thomson
主题曲：Julian Arendt and Ernst Busch, Jan van den Broek演唱
解说词、解说：Ernest Hemingway
发行公司：Contemporary Historians Inc.
版权所有：Marceline Loridan-Ivens
原始资料现存：阿姆斯特丹电影博物馆1994年收藏
经伊文思夫人同意，位于奈梅亨的欧洲伊文思基金于2008使用电子技术修复了影片。

Summary content
The production company Contemporary Historians was set up by American liberals like Ernest Hemingway, John Dos Passos, Archibald McLeish, Dorothy Parker and Lillian Hellman to create a documentary about the Spanish civil war, filmed on the spot. The documentary was ment to inform the American public in support of the government fighting the Franco rebels and to raise money for ambulances. In December 1936 Ivens went to Spain and one month later started shooting on the war front around Madrid. It became one of the major films on the Spanish Civil War and one of the most important films in Ivens' career. Like in many other films Ivens finds a balance between the presentation of daily life of people and their struggle to survive. The struggle for the Spanish republic and the democratic elected government has been combined with the fight for bread and agricultural reform.
The strong photography, mainly by John Ferno, combined with the powerful editing by Helen van Dongen and the innovative commentary of Ernest Hemingway created a masterpiece of documentary film making. In a first version the commentary was spoken by Orson Welles, but his voice was considered 'too beautiful' to be combined with the film, so it was decided that Hemingway himself spoke the commentary.

电影简介：
为拍摄一部关于西班牙内战的纪录片，美国的一些自由主义者，包括Ernest Hemingway, John Dos Passos, Archibald McLeish, Dorothy Parker 和Lillian Hellman，创立了一家叫做“当代历史学家”的制作公司（Contemporary Historians）。这部电影在西班牙战场是实景拍摄，旨在公开支持推翻佛朗哥政府的革命，并为战场救护设备募集资金。1936年12月，伊文思前往西班牙。一个月后他的电影在马德里的战争前线开机了。这是一部介绍西班牙内战的重要电影，也是伊文思电影生涯中的重要杰作之一。像伊文思其他电影一样，人们的日常生活和他们为生存的艰苦挣扎被结合在一起。因为西班牙的独立战争也伴随着西班牙人民对粮食和农业改革的渴望。

这部电影的主摄影师是John Ferno，而电影的剪辑由Helen van Dongen担任。他们的工作都十分出色。海明威则为这部电影配以独特的评论。他们的才智和努力使得这部电影成为纪录片电影的丰碑。开始时，海明威的评论是由Orson Welles用画外音朗读的。但是后来他的声音效果有些“太过优美”，与整部影片的风格不合适。所以最后决定由海明威亲自朗读他写的评论画外音。

Reviews
电影评论：

'There is a stark simplicity and the clear picture of utter truth in this view of the Spanish conflict, one which tells its poignant story with a striking minimum of fanfare and trumpets, even a minimum of accompanying narrative.' (Motion Picture Daily, 23 August 1937)
“这部影片真实地近乎残酷的展示了西班牙内战。它的叙事方式就是简洁直接，甚至很少使用叙事法来表达意义”（动作片日报Motion Picture Daily，1937年8月23日报）

'Spanish Earth, the film record of the war in Spain made by Joris Ivens and Ernest Hemingway… presents both vividly and brilliantly the real meaning of the Spanish struggle to millions of people in Spain. The action scenes are not as exciting as action scenes in fiction film, in which the camera can go right up and stare the actor in the face as he is going through the agony of dying or making love. But this is the real thing. The pictures of these Spaniards with haggard unshaven faces going into action. "This," says Hemingway, "is how men really look who are going to face death.' (Iowa-paper December 1938)
“《西班牙的土地》是一部记录西班牙内战的电影，由尤里斯 伊文思和海明威共同制作。。。这部作品向西班牙的百万民众生动地地展现了西班牙战争的真实场景。虽然这部电影中的动作场面不像动作片那样好看，因为动作片在拍摄时，可以把将镜头拉近，聚焦在演员脸上，拍摄他表现出来的在将死或是与爱人缠绵时的各种表情。这部影片的一切都是真的，没有表演。影片中的西班牙人，形容枯槁，胡子拉渣。而海明威说这才是人类在面对死亡时候的真实表现。”（爱荷华州报Iowa-paper，1938年12月）

George Louis George: 'Joris Ivens has made one of the most touching films ever seen. The faces of the peasants and the soldiers in it have something that goes to the heart and catches your throat.' (Cinemonde, Paris)
George Louis George：“尤里斯 伊文思的这部作品是人类历史上最感人的电影之一。影片中那些农民和战士的脸使观众的心随之疼痛，忍不住流泪。”（Cinemonde，巴黎）

Archibald MacLeish: 'It is the essence of history, given in the particular, precise, unforgettable detail which slower eyes and heavier imaginations would not perceive…a proof the motion-pictures can be motion-pictures and can still be true.' (Cinema Arts, September 1937)
Archibald MacLeish:“在这部影片里，历史的精髓被精确细致的展示出来，令人难忘。这部影片让我们看到我们看不到的也想象不到的东西。。它证明了展现动作的影片也可以是真实的历史片。”（电影艺术 Cinema Arts，1937年9月）

Howard Barnes: 'The most powerful and moving documentary film ever screened…It is a motion picture of compelling artistry.' (Herald Tribune)
Howard Barnes：“史上最有力量，令人感动的纪录片。。。这是极具艺术感的动作片。”（先驱轮胎报Herald Tribune）

John T. McManus: 'Compelling…Photographic eloquence…Hemingway's narrative is superb.' (New York Times)
John T. McManus： “扣人心弦。。。镜头语言丰富。。。海明威的叙述非常精彩。”（纽约时报（New York Times）

'The Spanish Earth was a masterpiece of beautiful and simple cinematic statement, making its points conclusively by artful implication' (New York Times, 6 December 1937)
《西班牙的土地》的电影陈述方式十分简单，但要艺术意义却被含蓄的表达出来。是一部优秀的杰作。（纽约时报New York Times，1937年12月6日报）